A Story About Seeing MxPx essays

A Story About Seeing MxPx essays On November 13th I went to Tramps in New York to see one of my favorite bands, MxPx. MxPx is a Christian pop-punk band. Pop punk basically means happy punk. The band members, are Mike Herrera who plays bass and sings, Tom Wisniewski who plays guitar and Yuri Ruley plays drums. They played about 10 songs, all of which I knew. Some of their songs have to do with society problems through the eyes of a teenager. At the show, the first song they played was one of my favorite's, "Teenage Politics". Some of the lyrics to this song are, "No I'm not mad but I think they forget what it's like and how hard it is to be a teenager. This is a new day and age, we read a different book where Elvis ain't the rage and polyester ain't the look." "...Is it time again to disagree about anything, everything and what's on TV it's a vicious circle, never ending a linear equation worldly extending. No, I'll never be like you; I'll never be like you. Oh no! I'm just like you!" The second song they played was "I'm the Bad Guy". The first couple lines of state, "Legalistic people suck. Legalism makes me sick." Even though they openly bust on legalism, they also know the world has nothing to offer them but hurt and pain, while God is the only answer. Since they are a Christian punk band, of course they have to play religious songs. One really good song that they played there was "False Fiction". This song basically means that the world is going through such turmoil because we don't have Christ in our lives. "They guarantee our freedom but freedom isn't real unless you know Christ you wont know how I feel. Inflections of the way things were supposed to be the mental disorder of our society...maybe this world had stopped thinking maybe all their minds are shrinking you failed system is including chaos, it's chaos, it's your loss." In "Like sand through the hourglass...so are the days of our lives," they say, "My world is breaking down around me. I see m ...

Business Service Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Service Operations - Essay Example The assignment also portrays the layout of services and service delivery network of Tesco. Furthermore, it also illustrates certain important suggestions for developing the service concept and the delivery system of the organisation. Services can generally appear on the basis of different shapes and forms. For instance, in business to consumer organisation, service can arrive in the form of retail services. Moreover, in business to business organisation, services can arrive from consulting services and in non-profit organisations, services can arrive from charity services. Any kind of service can produce additional value for the customer’s at large (Berry, 1995). With this concern, the assignment is based on understanding the service concept of an UK based supermarket retailer named Tesco and recommending effective strategies to develop its various services. Service is fundamentally considered to be an activity or set of procedures that is used for maintaining smooth interrelation with the customers and enhancing the overall business performance. Service concept is a vital method of apprehending the nature of services so that the customers comprehend about what they are receiving and employees also understand about what they are delivering. It is a shared understanding of nature of service which encapsulates information about classifying thoughts, customers’ experience and service outcomes. Service concept is a core task in managing different service operations. It can be used as a central tool in the design, distribution and improvement of services of a particular organisation. Service concept concentrates on a particular market segment and provides limited range of services for both customers and business operations (Fitzsimmons & Fitzsimmons, 2000). In order to be effective, service concept must deliver adequate information in order to make

MGMT499 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGMT499 - Essay Example In terms of legal environment, strict environmental legislation results into higher costs for both discount retailers. This factor even encompasses rising awareness amongst customers which increases costs for retailers such as Walmart and Target who follows green movement (Zentes, Morschett & Klein, 2012, pp.102-103). On the other hand social environment comprise of varying income levels of customers which give an opportunity to both the retailers in relation to lowering prices and acquiring large market share. The culture prevailing in Walmart is to work in collaboration and increase efficiency of the overall team. They even focus on reducing overhead expense so that better prices can be offered to customers. The performance rate of Walmart is higher in comparison to other retailers and hence it ranks as topmost retailer across the globe. On the contrary Target has a performance ratio lower than Walmart and occupies second position amongst all discount retailers based in America. Its low performance is due to limited product range being offered in all its retail stores. However the company culture is similar to that of Walmart where team members are considered to be an integral part of the system. The promotion policies of Walmart are such that it gives more emphasis on increasing responsibilities and retaining experienced workers in the system. There were 170,000 promoted by the company in previous year with more benefits and higher pay scale. These policies are based on average performance of employees and impact of their respective performance in growth and success of the company. On the other hand Target has a different set of promotion policies as it focuses on time period which has been spent by an employee with the organization. Promotion in this company is given to those employees who possess more experience in comparison to other individuals. However the promotional benefits are similar to that of Walmart. Walmart is a big retail

Intelligent Transmit Power Control

Intelligent Transmit Power Control The Intelligent Transmit Power Control In Expanding The Limitation Of Range For Bluetooth Communication For Indoor Navigation System Jamilah Binti Mohamed INTRODUCTION As time goes by, the technology is grown up very fast. The technology is created and invented according to the necessities of consumers. In addition, there have many scientist did researched and experiment to find the solutions for our problems in our life. Therefore, some of researcher had found the Bluetooth technology to settle several problems that come into our life. For instants, we need a cable to transfer any information and to have that cable, we need to spend our money to buy it. Thus the creation of Bluetooth can reduce our cost. Bluetooth is the one of the indoor navigator that play its own functions. In 1994, Bluetooth was initiated by the team of researchers at Ericsson Mobile Communications. According to the history of the creation of Bluetooth : â€Å"The name â€Å"Bluetooth† is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand-or Harold Bluetooth in English. During the formative stage of the trade association a code name was needed to name the effort. King Blatand was instrumental in uniting warring factions in parts of what are now Norway, Sweden, and Denmark – just as Bluetooth technology is designed to allow collaboration between differing industries such as the computing mobile phone and automotive markets. The code name as stuck.† (Bluetooth SIG 2006) Nowadays, many of the gadgets like handphones, smartphones, printers, fax machines, computers and other device provide Bluetooth technology as one of the facilities and attraction to their customers. That why most of the people in the world know about the technology of Bluetooth. Bluetooth has their own characteristics. Firstly, Bluetooth is short range communication. There have three types of distance that Bluetooth can function which are the longest distance is 100 meters , intermediate distance is 10 meters , and the shortest distance is 10 cm. However, it is very effective at the short distance and in noisy frequency. Bluetooth is different with the Wi-Fi and WLANs technology, Wi-Fi and WLANs had long range communication but need to have networks. Secondly, Bluetooth supply cable-free environment which can replace the portable cable to connect between two devices and can use to build ad hoc network either at the same device or at different device. At that time, Bluetooth is the most suitable technology for consumers to use it even it have several weaknesses. In addition, to use Bluetooth, Third, among the technology system that appeared nowadays, Bluetooth is more cheap than other devices. Usually, a traditional testing technology show that most of the devices are expensive because of the use of cable, use an expensive measurement equipment, put many sensors to the measurement and so on. All of the action above will increase cost of the device. Different with Bluetooth, it is a simple process that only used radio waves and spread-spectrum frequency-hopping technique. The cost for adding Bluetooth in any device is not more than $5 to $10. Most of the people are afford to have it. Besides that, Bluetooth use two types of links for it process. First is Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) and second is Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL). The process of Bluetooth use the concept of master and slave. For Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO), the process is between master and a single slave in the piconet which is symmetric point to point. SCO need a symmetric point to voice link point for sending and receiving voice packets from one device to another device at certain time intervals. SCO process is started from a master device. When the master device send any data via SCO link in a slot, the slave will send back to the following slot. There are several type of SCO. â€Å"HV1 carries 10 data bytes and is transmitted every 2 slots, HV2 carries 20 data bytes and is transmitted every 4 slots and HV3 carries 30 data bytes and is transmitted every 6 slots.†( For Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL), the system is different with SCO because it need to wait for acknowledgement from the receiver. This style of link is more safe than SCO. If the signal do not receive to the receiver, ACL will send it back until the receiver get it. After that, the recipient will check the packet and clarify the data transmission via cyclic redundancy code (CRC) to make sure the data is correct. ACL is point-to-multipoint link which is between master and slaves in the piconet. In the piconet, ACL can work only in a single link. The process of Bluetooth is started when there have piconet master link with slave devices. â€Å"One piconet can have a maximum of seven active slave devices and one master device. All communication within a piconet goes through the piconet master. Two or more piconets together form a scatternet, which can be used to eliminate Bluetooth range restrictions† (Haataja, 2006). After that, data will transfer between Bluetooth devices and physical channel. Transmission is occur in packets that is subdivided into time units known as slots. THESIS STATEMENT LITERATURE REVIEW Bluetooth is created for short range communication without using any cable or cable free environment. Most of the people nowadays use Bluetooth instead of transfer information via cable. Usually, Bluetooth can use at computers, mobile phones, cars, headphone earphone, camera and printer. It is easy and not expensive. However, there are lot of problem during using Bluetooth. 1. PROBLEM Bluetooth does not have licensed frequency band. The way it works may cause the security of the system easy to attack by other people. It will make harm to the devices. The intruders are easily interrupted the process and know the information transfers during the devices communicate to each other. Thus , Bluetooth need increase the quality of the system to be more safe for consumers to used the communication style. However, the most important problem that occurs in Bluetooth technology is range limitation or range constraint during the process of transferring data. It is possible for data transmission in a short range. There have three classification of distance that Bluetooth can function. First, data transmission at 100 meters , second is 10 meters and the shortest distance is 10 centimeter but the consumers must remember that the shortest distance, the fastest the data transmission process. In addition, the amount of data can affect the effectiveness of Bluetooth during the process of transferring the data. If the data is large or big in size, the rate of the transferring data is become slow. This is because the network is over loaded then the data transmission become slower than usual. Sometimes, somebody need to wait for a few minutes and unluckily, if the devices have problem with it, the process will stop without any notice. That why we need to confirm that the data is safely receive to the recipient device. If not, it is just waste your time for waiting the Bluetooth process to finished. Not only that, Bluetooth always can not reach the device properly even the device is on for Bluetooth, only for certain devices they can pair to each other. Sometimes, they can pair to each other but need an afford to pair them by doing it several times. It will takes time to pair the devices. After that, if the data transmission is large, a lot of time is needed. Therefore, time dilation is occur during using the Bluetooth technology either waiting the devices paring each other or the data safely transmitted to the receiver. Moreover, the battery of the devices will decrease not same as usual. Transmission of data will cause a little bits of battery. As we know, most of the technology devices are created with short durability of battery like smartphone and laptop. The causes of the decreasing of the battery in a short time for certain devices are there have lots of system installed at the devices with high intensity of light and many more factors. Therefore, the uses of Bluetooth will increasing the rate of battery of the devices getting low. Lastly, among the problems above, it is easily to say that the most affected is the range limitation in the Bluetooth. Because of the range limitation, the distance to connect the devices is limited, takes time if the data is quite large, security of the system is vulnerable and difficult to pair among the devices. Thus, a few research was occur to settle the problems. The researchers try to find a single way to expanse range. 2. LIMITATION Connection– Bluetooth can connect after transmitter and receiver getting pair to each other. Otherwise, those device can not connect to each other and the data transmission will not happen. Speed Bluetooth was created for low speed transmission of data. If the amount of  data is larger, the speed become slower. Therefore , we can conclude that transferring data will take time because the speed of Bluetooth process is slow. Range The range of the Bluetooth is limit only for 100 meters (the longest  distance that Bluetooth can function). If the distance between the devices far from that, Bluetooth system will does not work. 3. SIGNIFICANT Actually Bluetooth is important in replacement of wire or cable during communication between two or more than two devices. It is also important in GPS receivers and medical equipment. The development of Bluetooth is become fastest and the product of Bluetooth devices appeared into our life with many variation like Bluetooth home-network, Bluetooth earphone, and Bluetooth head phone. Typical Use of a Bluetooth enabled phone as a data modem for a PC In addition, Bluetooth is popular because it can share the data with different device. For example, data from laptop can be transfer via Bluetooth to the smartphone. Furthermore, Bluetooth can transfer data to the eight devices by using piconet. The application is easy and does not need a large provision. Besides, we can control the data transmission by accepting or rejecting it from any devices that we do not know. Bluetooth can our device more safe from any unneeded data. Indirectly, we can protect our devices from any virus via Bluetooth. Several common misperception about the function of Bluetooth such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi competing to each other. In fact, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi were created with different function and ability. Bluetooth is created for wire replacement at short distance connection while Wi-Fi is used for getting data, video and voice at 300 meters. Therefore, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi not competing to each other but help to complete and settle the problem of consumers. This is one of the research do by connectBlue 2014. 4. RANGE EXPANSION First of all, we need to identify the power transmitted in the Bluetooth process. There have 3 classess of power range which are 1mW (1 meter), 2.5mW (10 meters) and 100 mW (100 meters). According to the range above, we can see the power restrictions. The highest transmitting power when access at the short distance or small size in data. But if the distance between the Bluetooth devices is far or have large size of data, the lowest transmitting power will access. Due to this problem, there have one way to increase the power during transmit the data or any information via Bluetooth. Therefore we can do a hypothesis that when the distance between two Bluetooth devices is lower, the power control transmit the data will increase. So, it will slow down the interference with other transmitter. As we know apart of problems come from Bluetooth can be settle if the range of connection is large. Therefore, the range is the most important parameter for any Bluetooth devices to increase the power control. So, there have one way to overcome the basic limitation of range in Bluetooth. Establish a network through enabled intermediary device. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication and omni-directional antennae among the most electronics devices nowadays, the transmission of data will sent to any hosts that on the Bluetooth. In addition, the host can on or off the wireless connection without notifying other hosts. Therefore , during the connection ,both two devices must know and on the Bluetooth system to transfer and receive the data. If both devices that want to connect each other are out of their transmission range, the other devices that around the sender of data will receive it and can forward to another devices. According to the increasing of mobility of wireless hosts, every host must have their own capability of an autonomous system, or centralized administration. Not only because end-hosts are transient the mobility and autonomy introduces a dynamic topology of the networks but also because intermediate hosts on a communication path are transient. That why both devices must have a network to allow the intermediary device function and Bluetooth process will occur. Moreover , to start the connection of Bluetooth device without any limitation of range, we must provide an ad-hoc network with available to all devices. For easy understanding, we can apply network at our devices spontaneously and available to who ever at that area. Not only that, the network can use for a specific applications and at temporary usage. However, every devices need to upgrade their accessible devices due to theis list. Thus, it is easy to all consumers to transfer data by using Bluetooth if that network can provide for any devices. A process to expand the range of Bluetooth or broke the limitation of range in Bluetooth are not complex and only need intermediate hosts. The process need two type of routing process which are static and dynamic. In static routing process, it is independent and maintained for every node for every requirement. While for dynamic routing process , it is work when it is needed in the process. If the sender and the receiver want to transfer the data, they need to send data and find the route by their own then create the routing table.

One Direction boy-band Essay

One Direction is a boy-band formed by Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, Harry Styles and Niall Horan, the band was formed in a contest called The X Factor. Body: The X Factor UK is a British competition in which several people in order to fulfill his dream of being a singer going to participate. So as determined to win Niall Horan, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, Liam Payne and Zayn Malik entered the contest individually, then his mentor Simon Cowell saw something special in the boys and decided to join them and he was not wrong. Although they were in 3rd place, today is the most famous! boy-band in the world After they finish the contest they decided to record their first album and with the help of the money he won in the contest and with his mentor Simon’s discography called Sony and Syco could finish their first album called â€Å"Up All Night† which was released on November 18, 2011 in Ireland and in the UK on 21 November with a beautiful content of 13 songs and disc Special Edition has 3 more songs. Up All Night won the first place in sales in United Kingdom, in EUA the 1st place on the Billboard, which is a form of measuring success, and was the third album most sold in 2011. That same year they released a song that comes on the album, called † â€Å"What Makes You Beautiful†currently the most famous song, which was in 4th place from Billboard. † Last year they released their second album called â€Å"Take Me Home† 9 and 13 November depending on the country, the disc includes 13 songs, the disc Special Edition 4 more songs and the Deluxe 13 songs more Special Edition 4 more other 3 songs. In Mexico reached first place in sales in one week. The Take Me Home tour began on February 23 in London, and continues around the world, reached Mexico on 8 and 9 June, until complete. Conclusion: To Me One Direction is the boy-band more talented and fun that exists, since boys are normal people and make mistakes like us, have fun like us, have flaws like us and make all the same to us (they are human but believe it or not). And although not like many to me if I like, because as says Cher Loyd (singer) â€Å"guys hate to One Direction because sing what a girl wants to hear  and what a boy fears say†.

Gender Discrimination Essay

An unfair or unequal treatment which is directed at a person based on his or her sex or gender is defined as gender discrimination. Most typically it resulted from the stereotypical association of certain character traits with women as well as men, the identification of feminine character traits as less desirable and the disadvantage s that result. 3 Most often the victims of gender discrimination are women, however, in principle it can also be directed to men. Discrimination can either be direct or indirect, deliberate or accidental. There are two kinds of gender discrimination which includes: 1) Disparate treatment is a direct treatment wherein an employee for instance is treated differently because of his or her gender; and 2) Disparate Impact on the other hand, is complex which happens when a company policy for instance, excludes certain people from the jobs or promotions. Although company policy is not designed to exclude these result becomes unfair. 4 This research aims to answer the question of what is gender discrimination, the disadvantage that women faced due to gender discrimination, gender discrimination not only in women but also in men and its occurrences in different settings, the laws that prohibits gender discrimination as well as statistical evidence of charges based on gender discrimination. Disadvantages faced by Women Most women around the world experienced lower pay for work of equal value, illiteracy rates are high and in addition to that, access to health care are poor. Recent report of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) have shown that in many of the main indicators that measure progress towards gender equality and women empowerment, women fall short. Worldwide rate of literacy for women is 71. 4 percent, while men on the other hand, is 83. 7 percent. Research showed that out of 960 million illiterate adults, two-thirds of them are women. With women employed in industry and services, gender gap in earning persists earning 78 percent of what men earn in the same sector is typical. The share of women in decision making positions, have reached 30 % in only 28 countries in the 1990s. In addition to that, out of 1. 3 billion people living in poverty, 70 % are women. 1 Gender Discrimination Occur in Different Settings In many different settings gender discrimination can take place which include the following: 1) Employment setting includes claims in which employers asked discriminatory questions based on gender during the process of an interview; that employer failed to hire and promote, or wrongfully terminated an employee on the basis of his or her gender; unequal pay claims; as well as claims for employee’s sexual harassment; 2) Education setting wherein claims for exclusion from educational programs or the opportunities based on gender and claims for sexual harassment of students are included; 3) Housing Setting includes claims for refusal to negotiate with a person who wants to seek housing, claims for imposition of different lease or contract terms as well as claims for refusal to extend a loan on the basis of gender of the applicant, tenant, or buyer; and 4) Borrowing or credit setting wherein it claims that there is a refusal to extend credits, imposition of unequal loan terms and i mproper inquiries during the credit or loan process of approval, based on the gender of the applicant. 3 Laws Prohibiting Gender Discrimination Most laws were originated at the Federal level, through federal legislation such as the Equal Pay Act which guarantees and regulates civil rights including the law relating to gender discrimination. Through federal court decisions such as those which are handed down by the supreme court of the U. S. , civil rights have been defined and interpreted. Usually very similar to those at the federal level, the States have also pass their own civil rights law, even municipalities like cities as well as counties can enact ordinances and laws which are related to civil rights and gender discrimination. 3 Title VII Civil Right Act of 1964 In order to protect individuals against employment discrimination on the basis of sex, race color, nation origin as well as religion the Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964 was enacted. This applies to those employers with 15 or more employees, which includes the state as well as the local governments. Moreover it is also applied to employment agencies, labor organizations and the federal government. Civil Right Act of 1964 states that, to discriminate against employee or applicant for employment because of his or her sex with regards to hiring, termination, promotion, compensation, job training, or any other term, condition or privilege of employment is unlawful. Employment decisions based on stereotypes and assumptions about abilities, traits, or the performance of the individuals on the basis of sex are prohibited by the Title VII. In addition to that, intentional discrimination and neutral job policies which disproportionately exclude individuals on the basis of sex and that are not job related is also prohibited. Prohibitions of Title VII against sex-based discrimination also includes: 1) Sexual harassment which includes practices ranging from direct requests for sexual favors to workplace conditions which create a hostile environment for persons of either gender, including harassment with the same sex; and 2) Pregnancy based discrimination (Pregnancy Discrimination Act) which prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, child birth as well as related medical conditions. 5 Equal Pay Act of 1963 This Act requires that equal pay for equal work must be given to men as well as women in the same establishment. The jobs need not be identical however they must be substantially equal. Compensation discrimination based on sex is also prohibited in Title VII however, not like the Equal Pay Act, the Title VII does not require that the claimant’s job be substantially equal to that person of the opposite sex with higher payment or require the claimant to work in the same establishment. Based also on research, it also states that to retaliate against an individual for opposing employment practices which discriminate on the basis of sex or for filling discrimination charge, testifying, or participating in any way in an investigation, proceeding, or litigation under Title VII is also unlawful. 5 Equal Credit Opportunity Act It prohibits the creditors from discriminating the credit applicants based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age or for the reason that an applicant receives income coming from a public assistance program. 2 Fair Housing Act It prohibits discrimination in sale, rental, as well as financing of housing based on color, race, national origin, sex, religion, familial status, as well as disability. 2 Family and Medical Leave Act This Act gives employees the right to take time off from their work in order to take care of their newborn or recently adopted child, or to look after family member who are ill patients. 2 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 This Education Amendments prohibits gender discrimination in programs of education which receives federal funds, to increase educational as well as athletic opportunities for females in schools and colleges nationwide. 2 U. S. Code Title 42, Chapter 21 Civil Rights This prohibits discrimination against persons on the basis of their age, gender, disability, race, national origin, and religion in a number of settings which include education, employment, access to businesses and buildings, federal services and others. In this chapter one can find a number of federal acts which are related to Civil Rights have been codified which includes the Civil Right Act of 1866, Civil Right Acts of 1964, as well as the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act. 2 Statistical Evidence of Charges Based on Gender Discrimination Based on Statistics, in Fiscal Year 2006, the EEOC have received 23,247 charges based on gender discrimination. According to study, EEOC have resolved 23,364 gender discrimination charges in FY 2006 and have recovered in monetary benefits for charging parties and other aggrieved individuals $99. 1 million. This does not include monetary benefits obtained through litigation. 5 Conclusion Gender discrimination is the unequal or unfair treatment on a person based on his or her sex or gender resulted from the stereotypical association of certain character traits with women as well as men. Most often the victims of gender discrimination are women, however, in principle it can also be directed to men. There are two kinds of gender discrimination which includes: 1) Disparate treatment is a direct treatment wherein an employee for instance is treated differently because of his or her gender; and 2) Disparate Impact on the other hand, is complex, which happens when a company policy for instance, excludes certain people from the jobs or promotions. Although company policy is not designed to exclude these result becomes unfair. Gender discrimination can take place in different settings such as employment setting, education setting, housing setting as well as borrowing and credit setting. Moreover, in order to protect individuals against discrimination there are laws that should be implemented. Most of these laws originated at the federal level through federal legislation such as Equal Pay Act which regulates and guarantees civil rights including the law relating to gender discrimination. Among the civil rights laws which prohibits gender discrimination are 1) Title VII Civil Right Act of 1964, 2) Equal Pay Act of 1963, 3) Equal Credit Opportunity Act, 4) Fair Housing Act, 5) Family and Medical Leave Act, 6) Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, as well as 7) U. S. Code Title 42, Chapter 21 Civil Acts. Works Cited 1â€Å"At the Crossroads of Gender and Racial Discrimination. † http://www. un. org/Wcar/e- kit/gender. htm. 2â€Å"Gender Discrimination: Applicable Laws,† FindLaw for the Public. FindLaw. 2007. 3â€Å"Gender Discrimination Basics. † FindLaw for the Public. FindLaw p. 1-2. 2007. 4â€Å"Gender Discrimination in the Workplace. † Allison and Taylor, Inc. 2007. 5â€Å"Sex-Based Discrimination. † The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commision. Modified 2 July, 2007. retrieved 9 Dec 2007 http://www. eeoc. gov/types/sex. html.

The Chasm Of Ethnicity In The Kite Runner - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1954 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Kite Runner Essay Did you like this example? It is in our human nature to comply to the strict societal rules that our world has constructed. Time and time again our vision and judgement is clouded with the thick fog of principles that must be upheld by societyrs standards, more specifically and harshly, those of religious and ethical standards. Within the expansive realm of the Islamic religion, there are extreme principles that each and every one of its followers must abide by to prove their faith and loyalty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Chasm Of Ethnicity In The Kite Runner" essay for you Create order However, many take this to the extreme, especially when there are two conflicting sides involved. In Afghanistan particularly, there are profound divisions in which theological beliefs branch off into two main sects. These two groups have had major tension throughout history that has lead to feelings of superiority and dominance, not only creating huge religious splits, but ethnic ones as well. These cultural strains cause countless divides and feuds, merely due to the fact that they dont think or believe in the same way as someone else. Through the development of a friendship and a journey for redemption between two young boys of different castes, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, highlights the racial and class based tensions throughout Afghanistan and speaks to how irrational ethnic chasms can warp oners own sense of reality, ultimately leading to major strains on relationships and an internal sense of guilt. The Kite Runner, is set against a backdrop filled with hostility and commotion. From the fall of the monarchy is Afghanistan, the Soviet Invasion, the flood of Pakistani refugees into the United States, to the rise if the taliban, the reader travels through the history of Afghanistan and is exposed to the eye opening events that took place. In the Islamic religion, there are two main sects that which most fall under, the majority of them being Sunni, which makes up 85% of this religion across the world, while the Shia only make up about 15% of the Islamic population. This vast gap in the number that comprises all of its followers marginalizes the minority group, causing many people to discriminate against those who arent the same as themselves. This harsh division is brought to light in between the two main characters in the novel, Amir and Hassan. Amir is the son of a very wealthy father, and is a Pashtun, the dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan within the Sunni sect. They have tw o servants, Ali and his son, Hassan, who classify as Hazaras, the minority ethnicity in the city of Kabul, which fall under the Shia sect. These two boys have grown up together in the same household, practically as brothers, however they come from different religious, economic, and ethnic worlds. The main character in the novel, Amir is born and raised into a society filled with bigotry. He is subject to various views of the Hazaras throughout his childhood in Kabul, which greatly affects his views about ethnicity. School text books have essentially erased the Hazara ethnicity from history because they are seen as insignificant and teachers only mention them in passing or in disgust. Amirrs teacher wrinkled his nose when he said the word Shia, like it was some kind of disease, demonstrating the personal prejudices that Amir is exposed to (Hosseini 10). The negative connotation that is attached to this ethnic minority is inescapable, even in his own household. Amirrs father, Baba, a man of wealth and power, seems to put a lot of importance on their image. He puts himself above the lower classes for reasons that are not always religiously affiliated, but due to his skewed vision of the hierarchical society that he promotes. Baba never refers to Ali, his servant, as his friend even though they have practically known each other for the entirety of their lives. He fears the animosity he would receive if he placed himself as an equal of a much lower class, and for that reason he pushes his son to be the man he has made himself to be, to uphold his familyrs image. However, Baba is constantly unimpressed with Amirrs writing abilities and love of poetry and wishes his son was more like himself. Amir feels like he is constantly falling short of his fatherrs approval and strives to earn his love through the one thing he is good at, the annual kite tournament. Though on this day, the pressure of societal roles that are placed upon Amir cause him to make the decision that he will later regret for the rest of his life. Amir commits terrible sins against his lifelong friend that made him [become] what [he] is today at the age of twelve (Hosseini 1). The betrayal that he exhibits comes from his inherent cowardice of his character, and the distorted ideals about ethnicity he has been fed his whole life. On the day of the kite tournament, Amir wins the competition, only top lose his morality and bravery. He may have earned the approval from his father that he yearns for, but what he did not yet know is that he would lose his brotherhood and integrity in the process. While Hassan chases down the kite of the defeated opponent (a tradition of the sport), he is cornered by advocates by some teenagers of the Pashtun ethnicity who advocate for the suppression if the Hazaras. Assef holds horrible and unreasonable prejudices against Hassan due to his ethnicity and rapes the young boy, a humiliation meant to show Hassan his place in the order of life. (Inayatullah 333). Amir is a witness of these racial biased atrocities, but freezes, in fear that he will have to face the retribution of being associated with Hassan. This lack of advocacy that is exhibited by Amir parallels how our society allows for discrimination and heinous acts to go on without admission and without consequences. No one should be persecuted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or beliefs, though, sadly it occurs everywhere around us. Hassan does not deserve this kind of monstrous treatment, nonetheless, he continues his loyalty and dedication to Amir. For his whole life, Hassan has grown up under prejudices held against him for being of the Hazara decent. Olszewska states that have been victims of ethno sectarian massacres by the Taliban and are easily recognized because their Mongolian features distinguish them from many of their neighbors. (42). Due to features like his flat nose, he cannot escape the viscous-natured names like mice-eating or load-carrying-donkeys (Hosseini 9). Despite the marginalization he faces every day, Hassan accepts his role in society and finds joy in his less-than-desired position. All he knows in life is to serve. His daily responsibilities entail preparing meals, readying Amirrs school books, chores and much more and as a result, he learns that it is he duty to sacrifice himself for others selflessly. Whether that be to serve and sacrifice as an attendant, friend, brother, or kite r unner, he does his job and he does it well. By nature, Hassan is grateful for what he has, even if itrs a mud-shack for a house, he still admits to Amir: You know, I like where I live. (Hosseini 62). Hassan is strong, honorable, and brave and often acts as Amirrs bodyguard from bullies, however as time goes on and they grow older, there is a silent understanding him and his father, Ali, are seen as an embarrassment to the community. Regardless of the opinion of others, Hassan epitomizes the ideal servant, even after the horrible betrayal of Amir, he endures the pain, because of his unbroken allegiance towards him. One can tell just by reading the title of the novel that kites play a huge role in this story. On the plot level, the huge kite tournament of 1975 is what primarily sets us up for the rest of the story to unravel. After Hassan gets sexually abused while running down the kite that fell, Amir cannot separate his own cowardice and betrayal to Hassan after he witnesses the event and does nothing to stop it. However, beyond the plot, the kites have multiple layers to symbolism to them. One of these layers involves the class difference between the two boys, which largely dictates and limits their entire relationship. Amir said it himself that history isnt easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shia, and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing. (Hosseini 25). He really doesnt even see Hassan as a normal friend because of their social differences, just like his father with Ali, which is reflected in their roles in kite flying. Amir controls the kite, while Hassan feeds the string. The quote from Hassan, For you, a million times over, shows his kind and pure heart and his servant nature towards Amir ( Hosseini 67). Hassan caters to Amirrs need in everyday life and while kite flying, however these kite-flying roles bring the boys together and symbolize the innocence of not being able to control where you come from. Another layer of this symbolism is the violent nature of kite flying. These boys are cutting themselves with glass, racing to pick up destroyed kites, and battling it out for a victory similarly to the conflicts that rage Afghanistan. The guilt that eats aways at Amir for making this one decision will change his life forever. Initially he cant even stand to look at Hassan after what he did to him because it reminds him of his lack of bravery. This causes him to selfishly craft a tale that frames Hassan for stealing from their family, which gets Hassan and Ali fired and forces them out of their home to be never seen or reunited again. Only thinking about himself, Amir wants to rid of his guilt and believes that this is the way to recover from it, to bury it deep down and never be reminded of it. However, the past is inescapable and is hardly forgotten. After many years go by, and Amir and his father have moved to the United States, this guilt that has built up ultimately leads to good. The move from Afghanistan to the United States symbolizes the transformation of a tragic story to one of hope and resilience. Amir wants nothing more than to redeem himself but he knows there is a long journey ahead to mend the shatt ered brotherhood that he dearly misses. Nancy Graves states that the Hosseini brilliantly lets us feel the paralysis of fear, then the paralysis of guilt and then finally embark on the road to recovery of both relationship with others and acceptance of ourselves. (49). The journey for atonement is definitely not one something that will be easy, but it will evoke self reflection and maturity. Regardless of the personal beliefs of each sect, both groups have immense pressure placed upon upholding the law of their religion and class. People have a tendency to act out of motivation by their own insecurities and fears, whether that be those of the Islamic faith who are terrified of failing to appear as a devoted believer of their sect or those who are preoccupied with power simply fearful of shame and a bad image. The relationship between the ethnicities is a microcosm for not only the society in Afghanistan, but our society as a whole. We have the tendency to reject those who are not the same, and often fail to speak up for the people who dont have the voices that will be heard. Rationality is warped by the strict social divisions that have bet set in our historical roots, but it is up to us to ignore the prejudices and not look at someone as an ethnicity, but as a person.